The successful transition of the EU steel industry towards CO2 neutrality by 2050 depends on the availability of cost competitive low-CO2 energy carriers (especially electricity and hydrogen) and related infrastructure (including for CO2 transport and storage). The financial needs until 2030 are estimated today at €31 billion for capital expenditures (CAPEX) and €54 billion for operating expenditures (OPEX), totalling €85 billion.
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